Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been the subject of research for decades and are increasingly being used in clinical settings. Commonly defined as any report of the status of a patient’s health condition as reported directly by the patient, providers report that PROs have the potential to enhance patient engagement and shared decision-making when integrated into clinical care. However, difficulties exist for providers, the healthcare team, and patients.
An Evaluation of the Spread and Scale of PatientToc™ from Primary Care to Community Pharmacy Practice for the Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Project Final Report (PDF, 636.58 KB) Disclaimer
The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the author(s), who are responsible for its content, and do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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Project Details -
Completed
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Grant NumberR18 HS025943
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AHRQ Funded Amount$1,434,492
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Principal Investigator(s)
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Organization
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LocationWest LafayetteIndiana
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Project Dates04/01/2019 - 03/31/2024
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Technology
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Care Setting
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Medical Condition
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Type of Care
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Health Care Theme
Medication adherence--taking medications as prescribed--is critical to treating chronic conditions. Fifty percent of individuals taking at least one regularly scheduled prescribed medication are non-adherent with their medications. Reasons for this are multi-faceted, including forgetting to take a medication, an inability to obtain or afford them, and avoidance due to side effects. Typically, adherence is monitored by prescribing providers during in-person visits or may be informed by prescription fill histories and claims. However, relying on infrequent visits does not provide timely information, and merely filling a prescription does not necessarily mean that an individual is taking their medications as prescribed. Pharmacists may be in a unique position to improve medication non-adherence, given their accessibility and the frequency in which they see patients. The use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) might allow for the collection of information on non-adherence that may be used by pharmacists and prescribers to improve non-adherence.
The research team will implement PatientToc™, a mobile application for PRO collection, in pharmacies to collect information on medication adherence. Pharmacists will be able to immediately use these data to inform their counseling of patients in the pharmacy. PatientToc™ is currently used in 36 primary care practices and can provide audio assistance in up to 200 languages; its use has not extended to pharmacies to date.
The specific aims of the research are as follows:
- Determine community pharmacy workflow and current practices for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence, identify potential barriers and facilitators to PatientToc™ implementation, and create a draft implementation toolkit.
- Conduct two plan-do-study-act cycles to refine an implementation toolkit for spreading and scaling implementation of PatientToc™ in community pharmacies.
- Conduct a comprehensive, theory-driven evaluation of the quality of care, implementation, and patient health outcomes of spreading and scaling PatientToc™ to community pharmacies.
Initially, the software will be implemented at up to three pharmacies in each of three States and will later expand to six to 10 locations in each of those States. Patients with Medicare Part D will be targeted for involvement. Mixed methods will be used to evaluate the implementation, including conducting interviews and observations, and analyzing administration data.
The findings of the research will inform long-term collection of PROs data affecting medication adherence in community pharmacies by spreading and scaling PatientToc™ for health information technology-enabled PROs collection.
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Citation: Snyder M. An Evaluation of the Spread and Scale of PatientToc™ from Primary Care to Community Pharmacy Practice for the Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes – Final Report. (Prepared by Purdue University under Grant No. R18 HS025943). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2024.
Link:
r18hs025943-snyder-final-report-2024.pdf
(636.58 KB)
The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the author(s), who are responsible for its content, and do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Principal Investigator: Snyder, Margie E.
Document Type: Report
Citation: Adeoye-Olatunde OA, Curran GM, Jaynes HA, Hillman LA, Sangasubana N, Chewning BA, Kreling DH, Schommer JC, Murawski MM, Perkins SM, Snyder ME. Preparing for the spread of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data collection from primary care to community pharmacy: a mixed-methods study. Implement Sci Commun. 2022 Mar 14;3(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s43058-022-00277-3. PMID: 35287764; PMCID: PMC8919161.
Principal Investigator: Snyder, Margie E.
Document Type: Journal Publication
Research Method: Mixed Methods, Observational Study, Structured/Semi-Structured Interview
Technology: Patient-Generated Health Data
Population: Patient, Pharmacist, Physician, Stakeholder
Citation: Snyder ME, Chewning B, Kreling D, Perkins SM, Knox LM, Adeoye-Olatunde OA, Jaynes HA, Schommer JC, Murawski MM, Sangasubana N, Hillman LA, Curran GM. An evaluation of the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacy practice for the collection of patient-reported outcomes: A study protocol. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Apr 24:S1551-7411(20)30296-5. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.019. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33129685.
Principal Investigator: Snyder, Margie E.
Document Type: Journal Publication
Research Method: Interview, Mixed Methods, Observational Study
Technology: Mobile Device
Population: Pharmacist
Citation: Adeoye OA, Farley JF, Coe AB, Pestka DL, Farris KB, Zillich AJ, Snyder ME. Medication therapy management delivery by community pharmacists: insights from a national sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2019 Aug;2(4):373-382. doi: 10.1002/jac5.1160. Epub 2019 Jun 29. PMID: 31460497.
Principal Investigator: Snyder, Margie E.
Document Type: Journal Publication
Research Method: Quantitative, Cross-Sectional (Prevalence) Study
Population: Pharmacist
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